In this paper, the vibration characteristic test rig of rolling bearings is designed and built; the vibration characteristics of rolling bearings are tested in different operating parameters, such as grease parameter, clearance range, pre-tightening force and load characteristics; the influence law and degree of operating parameters on bearing vibration characteristics are analyzed; the relationships between running parameters and vibration characteristics of rolling bearings are preliminarily established. The research results of this paper have certain engineering guiding significance for improving the installation process, optimization and improvement on the running reliability of rolling bearings.